Coronary Sinus Flow Measurement by Means of Velocity-encoded Cine MR Imaging: Validation by Using Flow Probes in Dogs1
- Gunnar K. Lund, MD,
- Michael F. Wendland, PhD,
- Ann Shimakawa, MSc,
- Håkan Arheden, MD, PhD,
- Freddy Ståhlberg, PhD,
- Charles B. Higgins, MD and
- Maythem Saeed, DVM, PhD
- 1From the Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, Rm L-308, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA 94143-0628 (G.K.L., M.F.W., C.B.H., M.S.); GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis (A.S.); and the Departments of Clinical Physiology (H.A.) and Radiation Physics (F.S.), Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Received October 28, 1999; revision requested December 15; revision received January 27, 2000; accepted February 1. G.K.L. supported in part by a scholarship from the University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Address correspondence to M.S. (e-mail: Maythem.Saeed@radiology.ucsf.edu).
Abstract
PURPOSE: To validate coronary sinus flow measurements for quantification of global left ventricular (LV) perfusion by means of velocity-encoded cine (VEC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and flow probes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurements of coronary sinus flow were performed in seven dogs by using VEC MR imaging at baseline, single coronary arterial stenosis, dipyridamole stress, and reactive hyperemia. These measurements were compared with flow probe measurements of coronary blood flow (CBF) in the left anterior descending coronary (LAD) and circumflex (CFX) arteries (CBFLAD+CFX) and coronary sinus. LV blood perfusion was calculated in milliliters per minute per gram from coronary sinus flow, and LV mass was obtained by using VEC and cine MR imaging. LV mass was validated at autopsy.
RESULTS: CBFLAD+CFX and coronary sinus flow at VEC MR imaging showed close correlation (r = 0.98, P < .001). The difference between CBFLAD+CFX and MR coronary sinus flow was 3.1 mL/min ± 8.5 (SD). LV mass at cine MR imaging was not significantly different from that at autopsy (73.2 g ± 12.8 vs 69.4 g ± 12.8). At baseline, myocardial perfusion was 0.40 mL/min/g ± 0.09 at VEC MR imaging, and CBFLAD+CFX was 0.44 mL/min/g ± 0.08 (not significant). Reactive hyperemia resulted in 2.7- and 2.3-fold increases in coronary sinus flow at VEC MR imaging and flow probe CBFLAD+CFX, respectively.
CONCLUSION: VEC MR imaging has the potential to measure coronary sinus flow during different physiologic conditions and can serve as a noninvasive modality to quantify global LV perfusion in patients.
- Coronary vessels, flow dynamics, 543.12144, 544.12144
- Coronary vessels, MR, 543.12144, 544.12144
- Coronary vessels, stenosis or obstruction, 543.764, 544.764
- Magnetic resonance (MR), cine studies, 543.12144, 544.12144, 547.12144
- Magnetic resonance (MR), experimental studies, 543.12144, 544.12144, 547.12144
- Magnetic resonance (MR), vascular studies, 543.12144, 544.12144
- Myocardium, blood supply, 511.12144
Footnotes
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Abbreviations: CBF = coronary blood flow, CBFLAD+CFX = CBF in the LAD and CFX, CFX = circumflex artery, LAD = left anterior descending coronary artery, LV = left ventricular, VEC = velocity-encoded cine
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Author contributions: Guarantors of integrity of entire study, M.S., G.K.L., C.B.H.; study concepts and design, M.S., C.B.H.; definition of intellectual content, M.S., G.K.L., C.B.H.; literature research, M.S., G.K.L.; experimental studies, M.S., G.K.L., M.F.W., H.A.; data acquisition, M.S., G.K.L., M.F.W., A.S.; data analysis, G.K.L., M.S.; statistical analysis, G.K.L., M.S., M.F.W.; manuscript preparation, G.K.L., M.S.; manuscript editing, G.K.L., M.S., C.B.H., H.A., F.S.; manuscript review, all authors.
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